The End of Empire: Chapter 22 (p.1087-1119)

1914-present

End of Empires following WWI: >> gave rise to Europe and Middle East

• Austrian                             
• Ottoman Empire

End of Empires following WWII:

• German
• Japanese

" only legitimate government is national self-government "
-Nationalism played a major role in its disintegration>>Colonial rule dug its own grave
"fatal flaw" = nationalism
"conjuncture" - the coming together of several separate developments at a  particular time
-United Nations conducted a platform of anti colonial agitation = a transformation of social values that encouraged African and Asian countries to seek independence

India Ending British Rule

• British didn't assimilate into Indian culture
• British technology , schools, and language bound many regions in India together
• Gandhi called for moral transformation>>non-violence
• Gandhi and Congress Party(INC) finally agreed to partition as the British declared that they will leave India after WWII
• India became independent in 1947 as two countries (Pakistan and India)
• dividing was a harsh violent time

South Africa Ending Apartheid

• had been independent from Britain since 1910
• but had been decided by white controlled government (only 20% of population)
• Country was mostly black  and had no political rights
• South Africans against this governing 
• Boer War (1899-1902) Afrikaner fought independence from British-ruled South Africa