The beginning of Modern Science started of with intellectual thinking about how to understand Christian teachings. This took place between the years of mid 16th century through earl 18th century. The new thinkers stemmed off the most important book in the era before, the Bible, and started making their own rational thoughts, observations, experiments etc. to make an answer to satisfy their rational mind.
So why did the Scientific Revolution be marked after Europe's achievements? Islam had one of the most advanced mathematics, astronomy, and medicine way before Europe started thinking about this stuff. China had Confucianism which stemmed more off secular laws. European is rewarded with this title because of their redesigned legal systems and started the development of its universities which all scholars could learn scientific ideas which contrasted with Islam and Chinese scholars. In Islam, colleges held center the Quran rather than science which challenged the Quran. In China, authorities held all of freedom of studies in their colleges. So Europe was the first to let its people be free in educations and develop it themselves.
New thinker caused the new ear of Enlightenment. Example like Charles Darwin with his idea of evolution, drastically shattered religious beliefs. Karl Marx and his system of society transformed the outlook of human civilization. Sigmund Freud made scientific techniques to explain the human mind and emotion with also conflicted with Enlightenment ideas.
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